Feb 20, 2018 Other distinct features: -Easy Pashto language -Pashto story books -New funny pathan jokes -Top 10 Pashto songs -Pashto keyboard typing -Urdu to Pashto learning -Pashto Shayari funny SMS -funny pathan SMS -Translate Urdu to Pashto -Write text with Pashto keyboard This app helps in speaking Pashto, writing Pashto, learn Pashto, listening skills. Bahishti Zewar is an Urdu book written by Hazrat Molana Ashraf Ali Thaanwi (R.A). Bahishti Zewar is complete containing all parts. This book is specially written for women to understand Religion Islam and get success here in this world.
.Pakistan is home to many dozens of languages spoken as first languages. Five languages have more than 10 million speakers each in –,. Almost all of Pakistan's languages belong to the group of the.Pakistan's national language is, which, along with, is also the official language.The country also has several regional languages, including,. Four of these are –, and.The number of individual languages listed for Pakistan is 74.
All are living languages. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 7 are 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 39 are 'vigorous', 9 are 'in trouble', and 2 are 'dying'. Other (8.23%)Following are the major languages spoken in Pakistan, by number of people that speak them as their first language. Numbers of speakers of larger languages Language2008 estimate1998 censusAreas of Predominance176,367,36044.17%58,433,43144.15%,226,692,89015.44%20,408,62115.42%324,410,91014.12%18,661,57114.10%Rural418,019,61010.42%13,936,59410.53%513,120,5407.59%10,019,5767.57%Urban and urban Pakistan66,204,5403.59%4,724,8713.57%. was included with in 1951 and 1961 census.
Being the national language, Urdu is spoken and understood by the majority of Pakistanis and is being adopted increasingly as a first language by urbanized Pakistanis.National language. An example of the script used for writing( اردو) is the ( قومی زبان), lingua franca and one of two official languages of Pakistan (the other currently being English). Although only about 8% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language, it is widely spoken and understood as a second language by the vast majority of Pakistanis and is being adopted increasingly as a first language by urbanized Pakistanis. It was introduced as the upon the capitulation and annexation of (1843) and (1849) with the subsequent ban on the use of. According to the linguistic historian, however, the oldest name of what is now called Urdu is or Hindvi and it existed in some form at least from the 14th century if not earlier (Rahman 2011). It was probably the of the area around Delhi that absorbed words of Persian, Arabic, and (a Turkic language)—in a process like the one that created modern English. This language, according to Rahman, is the ancestor of both modern and Urdu.
These became two distinct varieties when Urdu was first Persianized in the 18th century and then Hindi was Sanskritized from 1802 onwards.The name Urdu is a short form of 'Zuban-e-Urdu-e-Mualla' i.e. Language of the exalted city. In India the term Urdu, although it means 'military camp' in most, was used for the capital city of the king. In other words, the language of the king's capital was a Persianized form of the language known only by its previous and currently less common name. This was shortened to 'Urdu' and this term was used for the first time in written records by the poet Mushafi in 1780 (Rahman 2011: 49).
It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools.
It is the first language of most ( refugees who fled from different parts of after independence of Pakistan in 1947) and (coming from around the time of the ), who form nearly 8% of Pakistan's population, and is an acquired second language for the rest. As Pakistan's national language, Urdu has been promoted to promote national unity. It is written with a modified form of the —usually in.Provincial languages. Poetry in Punjabi(پنجابی) is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan. It is spoken as a first language by more than 44% of Pakistanis, mostly in.
The 11th most widely, and the third most-spoken native language in the. In Canada, it is the fifth. It has a significant presence in the, the, the, and the.When Pakistan was created in 1947, although Punjabi was the majority language in West Pakistan (still today in modern Pakistan) and Bengali the majority in East Pakistan and Pakistan as whole, English and Urdu were chosen as the national languages. The selection of Urdu was due to its association with South Asian Muslim nationalism and because the leaders of the new nation wanted a unifying national language instead of promoting one ethnic group's language over another. Article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan declares that these two languages would be the only official languages at the national level, while provincial governments would be allowed to make provisions for the use of other languages.
Eventually, Punjabi was granted status as a provincial language in Punjab Province.The earliest Punjabi literature is found in the fragments of writings of the 11th Nath yogis ( ناتھیوگی) Gorakshanath and Charpatnah which is primarily spiritual and mystical in tone. (1179-1266) is generally recognised as the first major poet of the Punjabi language. Roughly from the 12th century to the 19th century, many great Sufi saints and poets preached in the Punjabi language, the most prominent being. Punjabi Sufi poetry also developed under (1538–1599), (1630–1691), (1640–1724), Ali Haider (1690–1785), (1722–1798), (1747-1826), (1830-1907) and (1845-1901). The gurus also complied their teachings in Punjabi language.Punjabi language is spoken roughly in area between.
The standard Punjabi variety the Majhi dialect is from the, and districts and it is written in the script. The speakers of and have previously been included in the Punjabi totals.Pashto(پښتو) is spoken as a first language by more than 15.42% of Pakistanis, mainly in, including formerly (FATA) and in northern as well as in ethnic communities in the cities of,. Karachi is one of the most Pashto speaking cities in the world. Pashto is also widely spoken in neighboring Afghanistan where it has official language status.Pashto has rich written literary traditions as well as an oral tradition.
There are three major dialect patterns within which the various individual dialects may be classified; these are Pakhto, which is the Northern variety, and the softer Pashto spoken in the southern areas such as in. (1613–1689) and (1633–1708) were famous poets in the Pashto language. In the last part of 20th century, Pakhto or Pashto has produced some great poets like,. They are not included in the overall percentage.SindhiThe (سنڌي) is spoken as a first language by at most 14.5% of Pakistanis, mostly in, parts of Balochistan, Southern Punjab and Balochistan. It has a rich literature and is taught in schools.
It is an language, derived from, and influenced. The ruled Sindh province for more than 150 years after conquered it in 712 AD, remaining there for three years to set up Arab rule. Consequently, the social fabric of Sindh contains elements of Arabic society. Sindhi is spoken by over 53.4 million people in Pakistan and some 5.8 million in India as well as some 2.6 million in other parts of the world. It is the official language of Sindh province and is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the federal government in India. It is widely spoken in the of (where the tribe speaks a dialect of Sindhi), many areas of the, and districts in Sindh and districts of, and by the Sindhi diaspora abroad. Sindhi language has six major: Sireli, Vicholi, Lari, Thari, Lasi and Kachhi.
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It is written in the with several additional letters to accommodate special sounds. The largest Sindhi-speaking cities are,. Is also spiritual in nature. (1689–1752) is one of its greatest poets; he wrote the famous poetic compendium which includes the folk stories ' and '.Balochi(بلوچی) is spoken as a first language by about 4% of Pakistanis, mostly in province.
Rakshani is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. Sarhaddi is a sub-dialect of Rakshani.
Other sub-dialects are Kalati (Qalati), Chagai-Kharani and Panjguri. Eastern Hill Balochi or Northern Balochi is very different from the rest. The name Balochi or Baluchi is not found before the 10th Century. It is one of the 9 distinguished languages of Pakistan. Since is a very poetic and rich language and has a certain degree of affinity to, Balochi poets tend to be very good poets in Urdu as well and, and are excellent examples of this.Sub-provincial regional languages Saraiki(Sarā'īkī, also spelt Siraiki, or less often Seraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the group, spoken in the south-western half of the province of Punjab. Saraiki is to a high degree mutually intelligible with Standard Punjabi and shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology.
At the same time in its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south. Saraiki is the first language of about 20 million people in Pakistan, its territory ranges across southern, parts of southern, and some border regions of northern and eastern.Gujarialso known as Gojri (ગુજરી, गुजरी, گُوجَری) is a variety of spoken by the and other tribes including residing in all the provinces of,. Brahui(براھوی) is a of central and east-central. The language has been influenced by neighboring and to a lesser extent. 1% of the Pakistani population has Brahui as their first language.
The have traditionally been taken as a relict population, suggesting that were formerly more widespread but were supplanted by the incoming. However, this idea has fallen out of favor; Brahui appears to have migrated to Balochistan from after 1000 CE, as evidenced by the absence of loanwords. The main Iranian contributor to Brahui vocabulary, Balochi, is a western Iranian language like that moved to the area from the west only around 1000 CE. Shina(شینا) (also known as Tshina) is a spoken by a plurality of people in of. The valleys in which it is spoken include, and a few parts of. It is also spoken in the, and valleys of Kashmir.
There were 321,000 speakers of Gilgiti Shina in 1981. The current estimate is nearly 600,000 people. Kashmiri(كأشُر) is a spoken in, about 124,000 speakers (or 2% of the Azad Kashmir population).Other languages English (previous colonial and co-official language)is a co-official language of Pakistan and is widely used in the executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as to some extent in the officer ranks of Pakistan's armed forces. Pakistan's and laws were written in English and are now being re-written in the local languages.
It is also widely used in, and as a. English is seen as the language of upward mobility, and its use is becoming more prevalent in upper social circles, where it is often spoken alongside native Pakistani languages.
In 2015, it was announced that there were plans to promote Urdu in official business, but Pakistan's Minister of Planning Ahsan Iqbal stated,'Urdu will be a second medium of language and all official business will be bilingual.' He also went on to say that English would be taught alongside Urdu in schools. Arabic (historical official language, religious and minor literary language)In the history, (عربي) was the official language when the of the modern state was a part of the between 651 and 750.The Arabic language is mentioned in the.
It declares in article 31 No. 2 that 'The State shall endeavour, as respects the of (a) to make the teaching of the and compulsory, to encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language.' Arabic is the religious language of Muslims. The, and theology is taught in Arabic with translation.
The Pakistani diaspora living in the has further increased the number of people who can speak Arabic in Pakistan. Arabic is taught as a religious language in,. See also:(بنگالی) is not an official language in Pakistan, but a significant number of Pakistani citizens have migrated from and live in West Pakistan or East Pakistan prior to 1971. Bengali was recognised as the second official language of Pakistan on 29 February 1956, and article 214(1) of the constitution of Pakistan was reworded to 'The state language of Pakistan shall be Urdu and Bengali'. Others include illegal immigrants who migrated from Bangladesh after 1971. Most Pakistani Bengalis and, are bilingual speaking both Urdu and Bengali, and are mainly settled in Karachi.Turkic languages (previous colonial and immigrant languages)were used by the ruling such as the and earlier of the subcontinent.
There are small pockets of Turkic speakers found throughout the country, notably in the valleys in the countries northern regions which lie adjacent to, western Pakistani region of principally around where the dwells and in Pakistan's urban centres of,. The autobiography of emperor, was also written in. After returning from exile in in 1555, emperor further introduced and culture in the court and government.
The, in which Babur had written his memoirs, disappeared almost entirely from the culture of the courtly elite, and emperor could not speak it. Later in life, Humayun himself is said to have spoken in Persian verse more often than not.A number of speaking refugees, mostly and from and from have settled in. Minor languagesOther languages spoken by linguistic minorities include the languages listed below, with speakers ranging from a few hundred to tens of thousands.
A few are highly that may soon have no speakers at all. /Vagri. /Purik. /Thari. /Kutchi. /Odki.
/Ushoji.Foreign languagesAs of 2017 some Pakistanis are learning Chinese to do business with companies from the People's Republic of China. ClassificationThe Indo-Iranian languages derive from a reconstructed common, called.Indo-IranianMost of the languages of Pakistan belong to the (more commonly known as Indo-Iranic ) branch of the.
They are divided between two or three major groups: (the majority, including Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Hindko, and Saraiki, among others), (or Iranic ) (the major ones being Pashto, Balochi, and Khowar, among others) and (the major one being ). At times Dardic is considered another branch of Indo-Iranian, but many linguists term Dardic as individual Indo-Aryan languages that do not form any subgrouping within Indo-Aryan. The, considered another individual branch of Indo-Iranian, is spoken by the minority in Afghanistan near the Afghan-Pakistani border, but not known to be spoken indigenously in Pakistan.Some of the important languages in the Indo-Aryan group are. One of these is, and includes Western Punjabi (but not standard ), Northern Hindko, Southern Hindko, Khetrani, Saraiki, and Pahari-Potwari, plus two more languages outside of Pakistan. The other is Marwari, and includes Marwari of Pakistan and several languages of India (Dhundari, Marwari, Merwari, Mewari, and Shekhawati). A third is, and consists of, in Pakistan and several others in India: Gade Lohar, (Hadothi), and Wagdi.Although Urdu is not a dialect continuum, it is a major dialect of and somewhat differs from, another dialect of Hindustani which is not spoken in Pakistan.There are several dialects continuums in the Iranian group as well:, which includes Eastern, Western and Southern Balochi; and Pashto, and includes Northern, Central, and Southern.
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OtherThe following three languages of Pakistan are not part of the Indo-European language family:. (spoken in central Balochistan province) is a. Its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by Balochi. It is an individual language in the Dravidian language family and does not belong to any subgrouping in that language family.
The of (spoken in an area of southern ) is a of the language family. (spoken in Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, and Ishkoman valleys in Gilgit–Baltistan) is a with no indigenous written script and instead currently uses Urdu script, based on the Perso-Arabic script.Writing systems. Arabic manuscript from the Abbasid-eraThe is the. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the. With 38 letters, the Urdu alphabet is typically written in the, whereas is more commonly in the style.adopted a variant of the as well, in the 19th century.
The script is used in Pakistan today. It has a total of 52 letters, augmenting the Urdu with and eighteen new letters ( ڄ ٺ ٽ ٿ ڀ ٻ ڙ ڍ ڊ ڏ ڌ ڇ ڃ ڦ ڻ ڱ ڳ ڪ) for sounds particular to Sindhi and other Indo-Aryan languages.
Some letters that are distinguished in or Persian are in Sindhi.and are written in. The, a variant of the, is used to write the in Pakistan.Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into Roman letters, omit many elements that have no equivalent in English or other languages commonly written in the. The of has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with Urdu. Retrieved 23 July 2018. Cite journal requires journal=. Retrieved 2019-09-20. Archived from on 26 September 2009.
Retrieved 2009-09-17. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. Archived from on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2014. 10 April 2003 at the sikh-heritage.co.uk. Zia Ur Rehman, a journalist and a researcher based in Karachi.
July 15–21, 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-05.
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Shah Meer Baloch (2017-11-21). Italic or bold markup not allowed in: publisher=. Dwyer, Arienne M. 'The texture of tongues: Languages and power in China.' Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 4.1-2 (1998): 68-85. Marian Rengel Pakistan: A Primary Source Cultural Guide page 38, 011. Mukhtar Ahmed Ancient Pakistan - an Archaeological History pages 6-7, 439.
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Retrieved on 2011-01-14. Retrieved on 2011-01-14. Retrieved on 2011-01-14. Retrieved on 2011-01-14Bibliography.
Rahman, Tariq (1996) Language and Politics of Pakistan Karachi: Oxford University Press. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2007. Rahman, Tariq (2002) Language, Ideology and Power: Language-learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India Karachi: Oxford University Press. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2008. Rahman, Tariq (2011) From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History Karachi: Oxford University Press.External links. at Muturzikin.com. at Ethnologue.